William Revelle
Professor of Psychology
Department of Psychology
Northwestern University
Evanston, Illinois, USA 60208
Telephone: 847-491-7700
Office: 315 Swift Hall
Email: revelle@northwestern.edu
Contents
Psychology 371: Personality Research
Description
The basic theme of this course is that the proper study of human behavior should include an examination of individual differences in affect, behavior and cognition. This course will include an examination of the sources (both biological and environmental), the correlates, and the consequences of individual differences in at least four different dimensions of personality, intellect, and temperament. Roughly one-third of the course will be devoted to reviewing current theories of personality, another third to outlining the steps in the measurement of personality, and the final third to designing and conducting experiments to evaluate current theoretical controversies in the field. Much of the reading will be come from current journal articles and recent review papers. Prerequisites: Statistics (Psychology 201), Research Methods in Psychology (205) and Personality Theory (215). (The first two are required, the last is highly recommended.)The first part of the course is meant to provide a rapid overview of current theories of personality, particularly as they apply to real world performance. Tests of these theories are possible research projects. During the second third of the course, while preparing to conduct the research projects, class lectures and assignments will discuss the fundamentals of psychometric theory. The third section of the course will be devoted to other current topics in the field of personality research.
Requirements and methods of evaluation:
- A research proposal that reviews a relevant body of the personality literature, proposes a theoretical question, and suggests how to answer it. The review should be the equivalent of the introduction of a journal article, and the proposed method to test the theoretical question should demonstrate sophistication in research design. The paper should conclude with a summary of how the data will be analyzed and the pattern of expected results. To be written in APA style . (Due May 11). Final research projects will be selected from these proposals. (30%)
- A midterm exam that will cover the various theories of personality and performance discussed in class and in the readings. Sample questions will be distributed before the exam. (April 27th ) (30%)
- A final research project that will include a review of the relevant literature, an experimental test of an hypothesis, and a discussion of the experimental results. The data collection and some analysis will be performed as a group project, although the final paper must be an individual effort. To be written in APA style . (Due June 10th). (30%)
- A final exam that will cover the basic concepts of the course. (June 8th). (This final exam is optional and will be weighted equally with the other exams and projects. That is, if taken, all projects have a 22% weight. If not taken, all projects have a 30% weight.
- Class and discussion group participation. This is a class on research methods and theories. It is necessary for all members of the class to participate in proposing alternative models and evaluating the theories presented. This may be done in class discussion, as well as extraclass interaction. Computerized conferencing will be used as well. Email discussion with the instructor and teaching assistant is strongly encouraged. (10%)
Suggested (but certainly not required) Texts
John, O.P. and Naumann, L.P. and Soto, C.J. (2008) Handbook of personality: Theory and research. Guilford Press. N.Y.
Chamorro-Premuzic, T., Von Stumm, S., and Furnham, A. (2011). The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences, volume 1. Wiley-Blackwell.
Robins, R.W., Fraley, R. C., Krueger, R.F., (2007) Handbook of research methods in personality psychologhy. New York, N.Y. Guilford.
Some of the material will be from chapters in John or from Robins et al. as well as reprints of relevant articles. These will be distributed in class (or listed on the web syllabus). Still more material will be made available on the web. In addition, students are expected to review one particular topic in detail and should consult current journals in personality.
For the second and third class, I will be out of town at an international conference. Thus, you will need to do some independent readings on the study of individual differences in general and extraversion in particular.
- Revelle, W., Wilt, J., & Condon, D. (2011). Individual differences and differential psychology: A brief history and prospect. In Chamorro- Premuzic, T., Furnham, A., and von Stumm, S., editors, Handbook of Individual Differences, chapter 1, pages 3-38. Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford
- Revelle and Oehlberg (2008) Integrating experimental and observational personality research
- Wilt, J. and Revelle, W. (2016). Extraversion. In Widiger, T., editor, The Oxford Handbook of the Five Factor Model. Oxford University Press, New York, N.Y (to be emailed to class)
- Smillie, L. D., Cooper, A., Wilt, J., and Revelle, W. (2012). Do extraverts get more bang for the buck? refining the affective-reactivity hypothesis of extraversion. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(2), 306-326.
- Wilt, J., Bleidorn, W., and Revelle, W. (2016). Finding a life worth living: Meaning in life and graduation from college. European Journal of Personality, DOI: 10.1002/per.2046
- Also look at the conference abstracts for the 2nd World Conference on Personality World Conference on Personality. Please read the abstracts of the program. (backup copy at local copy of program>.
Course Outline
- Week
- 1a
- 1b
- 2a
- 2b
- 3a
- 3b
- 4a
- 4b
- 5a
- 5b
- 6a
- 6b
- 7a
- 7b
- 8a
- 8b
- 9a
- 9b
- 10a
- 10b
- Topic
- Multiple approaches to personality research
- Descriptive Taxonomies
- Causal Theories of Approach and Avoidance
- Approach: Introversions/Extraversion
Eysenck and Gray - Alternative I/E models
- Approach: Need Achievement
- Atkinson Theory of Risk Preference
- Dynamic models of motivation
- Avoidance: Anxiety and performance
- Midterm
- The Measurement of Personality
- Factor Analysis
- Fundamentals of Reliability
- Types of Reliability
- Scale Construction
- Validity and Decision Making
- Pitfalls in research
- Advanced Topics
- Lecture Notes
- Introduction to the course
3 approaches to personality psychology - Descriptive Taxonomies of personality
The Big 5
Behavioral Taxonomies - Introversion/extraversion
The Eysenck-Gray models - Alternative approaches
Variability in affect - classical theory of risk preference
hierarchical models - 4b Dynamic models of motivation
- a theoretical proposal
- Midterm Study questions
-
- Basic issues in measurement
Correlations - Factor analysis
- Fundamentals of reliabilty
- Types of reliability and validity
- 8
- 8b
- Pitfalls in any research
- Other areas in personality research
- Primary Readings
- Revelle, Wilt and Condon (2011) Individual differences and differential psychology: A brief history and prospect
Revelle and Oehlberg (2008) Integrating experimental and observational personality research - John and Srivastava (1999)
The Big 5 - Wilt and Revelle Extraversion (2009)
Smillie, Pickering and Jackson (2006) The new RST
- Rogers and Revelle, 1998 Wilt, Funkhouser & Revelle (2011)
Fleeson, 2001,
Fleeson, Malanos, Achille, 2002
- Smillie et al(2012) More bang for the buck
- Revelle and Condon (2014) A model for personality at 3 levels
- A model of performance
- Elliot and McGregor (1999)
- Wilt, Oehlberg, and Revelle (2011). Anxiety in personality
- McGue and Bouchard, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 1998
Bouchard, 2004
- Secondary readings and Assignments
- Take the
Big 5 inventory
your scores are anonymous - Revelle, 2007 Experimental Techniques in Personality Research
Revelle, Condon and Wilt (2011) Methodological advances in differential psychology - the "Personality Coefficient"
- RST and three systems theory
- Revelle, Amaral and Turiff (1976)
Revelle, Humphreys, Simon and Gilliland (1980) - Wilt, Funkhouser & Revelle (2011)
Canli, et al., (2002) - Midterm Study questions
- Review old statistics notes
- help in literature searches (select the articles tab)
A guide to literature searches and writing an APA style paper
Avoid common writing errors
Research Proposal due - Item Construction
- Choose Projects (in class)
- Design Projects
- PRQ analysis
- 9a
- Discussion of Projects
- Data Analysis (by appointment)
- 10b
last updated May 2, 2016
371 Spring, 2016 Outline: | ||||
Week | Date | Substantive Content lecture notes | Reading
for some journals, you need to be logged in at NU using a VPN | Requirements |
Part I: Current Theories of Personality | ||||
Week 1 | March 29 | Introduction to the course (very large pdf)
3 approaches to personality psychology |
Revelle, W., Wilt, J., & Condon, D. (2011). Individual differences and differential psychology: A brief history and prospect. Mischel, Annual Review, 2004 Revelle and Oehlberg (2008) Integrating experimental and observational personality research | Take the Big 5 inventory your scores are anonymous |
March 30 | Descriptive Taxonomies
Behavioral Taxonomies the "Personality Coefficient" |
Pervin: Personality taxonomies John and Srivastava (1999) See also The Big 5 | Critique of Big 5 inventory | |
Week 2 | April 4 | The ABCD's of Personality | Revelle, 2007 Experimental Techniques in Personality Research
Revelle, Condon and Wilt (2011) Methodological advances in differential psychology | |
April 6 | Approach: Introversion/extraversion and Impulsivity theories based upon Eysenck and Gray |
Wilt and Revelle Extraversion (2009) Smillie, Pickering and Jackson (2006) The new Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory: Implications for personality measurement. (must be using a NU account) Revelle, Amaral and Turiff (1976) Revelle, Humphreys, Simon and Gilliland (1980) | (optional: see Eysenck web page)
|
|
Week 3 | April 11 | Alternative approaches to I/E I/E, arousal and performance I/E and positive affect I/E and within and between variability |
Revelle, 1997 (impulsivity)
Rogers and Revelle, 1998 Fleeson, 2001, Fleeson, Malanos, Achille, 2002 Canli, et al., (2002) Wilt, Funkhouser & Revelle (2011) Smillie et al(2012)) | |
April 13 | Approach: Achievement Motivation classical theory of risk preference (html) (class notes pdf) hierarchical models | Elliot and Thrash (2002) | ||
Week 4 | April 18 | Achievement motivation and efficient performance
Dynamic models of motivation |
Revelle, 1986 Atkinson festschrift Revelle and Condon (2014) A model for personality at 3 levels Revelle, 2009 The Cues Tendency Action (CTA) model Elliot and McGregor (1999) |
|
April 20 | Avoidance: Anxiety Anxiety and performance (pdf) |
Elliot and McGregor (1999)
Wilt, Oehlberg, and Revelle (2011). Anxiety in personality |
Informal preliminary proposal
help in literature searches (select the articles tab) A guide to literature searches and writing an APA style paper Avoid common writing errors | |
Week 5 | April 25 | Approach and Avoidance: Personality, Motivation, and Performance a theoretical proposal (pdf) |
Atheory of personality, motivation, and cognition: (Revelle (1992)
Personality and changes in affect over time Gilboa & Revelle Personality and affective processing (Rogers and Revelle, 1998) | Proposal requirements and a guide to searching the literature Using Endnote or BibDesk to search the literature Using Latex for writing APA style papers. |
April 27 | Midterm Study questions | Midterm | ||
Part 2: The Measurement of Personality | ||||
Week 6 | May 5 | Basic issues in measurement
problems of measurement |
Methodological advances in differential psychology (Revelle, Condon and Wilt, 2011).
review of variance/covariance |
Review old statistics notes |
May 7 | Fundamentals of reliabilty | reliability notes (pdf) | Research Proposal due | |
Week 7 | May 12 | Types of reliability and validity | Item construction | |
May 14 | Scale Construction | choose projects (in class) | ||
Week 8 | May 14 | Factor analysis
scale construction |
Design project | |
May 19 | Validity and decision making
Pitfalls in Research |
Pitfalls (class notes) | prq analysis | |
Part 3: Experimental Studies of Personality | ||||
Week 9 | May 26 | validity | ||
May 28 | Evolutionary perspectives
Personality and behavior genetics Behavior genetics, intelligence, life span studies |
McGue and Bouchard, Annual Review of Neuroscience, 1998
Bouchard, 2004 | ||
Week 10: | June 2 | Using R to analyze personality data
Using R to score scales |
Data analysis (by appointment) | |
June 11- | Papers due, (optional) Final Exam (June 11) | |||
Course and Teacher Evaluation (CTEC) |
- Brody, Nathan., (1983) Human motivation : commentary on goal-directed action New York : Academic Press,
- Brody, N. (1988) Personality: in search of individuality. Academic Press, New York.
- Corr, P. J. (2008) Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory. Cambridge
- Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences: a natural science approach. New York: Plenum Press.
- Furr, M., Bacharach, V. R. Psychometrics: an introduction. Sage.
- Gray, Jeffrey A. (1987) The psychology of fear and stress McGraw-Hill
- Haslam, N. Introduction of personality and intelligence. (2007). Sage.
- Thayer, Robert. The biopsychology of mood and arousal. Oxford, Oxford University
Web Resources
Useful information for psychology majors may be found from The PSYCH WEB, a project of Russ Dewey at Georgia Southern University. This includes tip sheets on writing APA style papers as well as general information about careers in psychology. For more information about personality theory and research, consult The Personality ProjectNote that this syllabus is a dynamic document and that additional links will be added throughout the course. Check back to this overview and to the detailed syllabus frequently.
Web Address for this syllabus:
http://personality-project.org/revelle/syllabi/371.syllabus.html
William Revelle
Revised April 18, 2016.