"factor.pa" <- function(r,nfactors=1,residuals=FALSE,rotate="varimax",n.obs = NA,scores=FALSE,SMC=TRUE,missing=FALSE,impute="median", min.err = .001,digits=2,max.iter=50,symmetric=TRUE,warnings=TRUE,fm="pa") { cl <- match.call() .Deprecated("fa",msg="factor.pa is deprecated. Please use the fa function with fm=pa") ##first some functions that are internal to factor.minres #this does the ULS fitting "fit.residuals.ols" <- function(Psi,S,nf) { diag(S) <- 1- Psi eigens <- eigen(S) eigens$values[eigens$values < .Machine$double.eps] <- 100 * .Machine$double.eps #loadings <- eigen.loadings(eigens)[,1:nf] if(nf >1 ) { loadings <- eigens$vectors[,1:nf] %*% diag(sqrt(eigens$values[1:nf])) } else {loadings <- eigens$vectors[,1] * sqrt(eigens$values[1] ) } model <- loadings %*% t(loadings) residual <- (S - model)^2 diag(residual) <- 0 error <- sum(residual) } #this code is taken (with minor modification to make ULS) from factanal #it does the iterative calls to fit.residuals "min.res" <- function(S,nf) { S.smc <- smc(S) if(sum(S.smc) == nf) {start <- rep(.5,nf)} else {start <- 1- S.smc} res <- optim(start, fit.residuals.ols, method = "L-BFGS-B", lower = .005, upper = 1, control = c(list(fnscale = 1, parscale = rep(0.01, length(start)))), nf= nf, S=S ) Lambda <- FAout(res$par, S, nf) result <- list(loadings=Lambda,res=res) } #these were also taken from factanal FAout <- function(Psi, S, q) { sc <- diag(1/sqrt(Psi)) Sstar <- sc %*% S %*% sc E <- eigen(Sstar, symmetric = TRUE) L <- E$vectors[, 1L:q, drop = FALSE] load <- L %*% diag(sqrt(pmax(E$values[1L:q] - 1, 0)), q) diag(sqrt(Psi)) %*% load } FAfn <- function(Psi, S, q) { sc <- diag(1/sqrt(Psi)) Sstar <- sc %*% S %*% sc E <- eigen(Sstar, symmetric = TRUE, only.values = TRUE) e <- E$values[-(1L:q)] e <- sum(log(e) - e) - q + nrow(S) -e } ## now start the main function if((fm !="pa") & (fm != "minres")) {message("factor method not specified correctly, principal axes used") fm <- "pa" } n <- dim(r)[2] if (n!=dim(r)[1]) { n.obs <- dim(r)[1] if(scores) {x.matrix <- r if(missing) { #impute values miss <- which(is.na(x.matrix),arr.ind=TRUE) if(impute=="mean") { item.means <- colMeans(x.matrix,na.rm=TRUE) #replace missing values with means x.matrix[miss]<- item.means[miss[,2]]} else { item.med <- apply(x.matrix,2,median,na.rm=TRUE) #replace missing with medians x.matrix[miss]<- item.med[miss[,2]]} }} r <- cor(r,use="pairwise") # if given a rectangular matrix, then find the correlations first } else { if(!is.matrix(r)) { r <- as.matrix(r)} sds <- sqrt(diag(r)) #convert covariance matrices to correlation matrices r <- r/(sds %o% sds) } #added June 9, 2008 if (!residuals) { result <- list(values=c(rep(0,n)),rotation=rotate,n.obs=n.obs,communality=c(rep(0,n)),loadings=matrix(rep(0,n*n),ncol=n),fit=0)} else { result <- list(values=c(rep(0,n)),rotation=rotate,n.obs=n.obs,communality=c(rep(0,n)),loadings=matrix(rep(0,n*n),ncol=n),residual=matrix(rep(0,n*n),ncol=n),fit=0)} r.mat <- r Phi <- NULL colnames(r.mat) <- rownames(r.mat) <- colnames(r) if(SMC) { if(nfactors < n/2) {diag(r.mat) <- smc(r) } else {if (warnings) message("too many factors requested for this number of variables to use SMC, 1s used instead")} } orig <- diag(r) comm <- sum(diag(r.mat)) err <- comm i <- 1 comm.list <- list() if(fm=="pa") { while(err > min.err) #iteratively replace the diagonal with our revised communality estimate { eigens <- eigen(r.mat,symmetric=symmetric) eigens$values[ eigens$values < .Machine$double.eps] <- .Machine$double.eps #added May 14, 2009 to fix case of singular matrices #loadings <- eigen.loadings(eigens)[,1:nfactors] if(nfactors >1 ) {loadings <- eigens$vectors[,1:nfactors] %*% diag(sqrt(eigens$values[1:nfactors])) } else {loadings <- eigens$vectors[,1] * sqrt(eigens$values[1] ) } model <- loadings %*% t(loadings) new <- diag(model) comm1 <- sum(new) diag(r.mat) <- new err <- abs(comm-comm1) if(is.na(err)) {warning("imaginary eigen value condition encountered in factor.pa,\n Try again with SMC=FALSE \n exiting factor.pa") break} comm <- comm1 comm.list[[i]] <- comm1 i <- i + 1 if(i > max.iter) {if(warnings) {message("maximum iteration exceeded")} err <-0 } } } if(fm=="minres") { #added April 12, 2009 to do ULS fits uls <- min.res(r,nfactors) eigens <- eigen(r) #used for the summary stats result$par <- uls$res loadings <- uls$loadings } # a weird condition that happens with the Eysenck data #making the matrix symmetric solves this problem if(!is.double(loadings)) {warning('the matrix has produced imaginary results -- proceed with caution') loadings <- matrix(as.double(loadings),ncol=nfactors) } #make each vector signed so that the maximum loading is positive - probably should do after rotation #Alternatively, flip to make the colSums of loading positive if (FALSE) { if (nfactors >1) { maxabs <- apply(apply(loadings,2,abs),2,which.max) sign.max <- vector(mode="numeric",length=nfactors) for (i in 1: nfactors) {sign.max[i] <- sign(loadings[maxabs[i],i])} loadings <- loadings %*% diag(sign.max) } else { mini <- min(loadings) maxi <- max(loadings) if (abs(mini) > maxi) {loadings <- -loadings } loadings <- as.matrix(loadings) if(fm=="minres") {colnames(loadings) <- "mr1"} else {colnames(loadings) <- "PA1"} } #sign of largest loading is positive } #added January 5, 2009 to flip based upon colSums of loadings if (nfactors >1) {sign.tot <- vector(mode="numeric",length=nfactors) sign.tot <- sign(colSums(loadings)) loadings <- loadings %*% diag(sign.tot) } else { if (sum(loadings) <0) {loadings <- -as.matrix(loadings)} else {loadings <- as.matrix(loadings)} colnames(loadings) <- "PA1" } #end addition if(fm=="minres") {colnames(loadings) <- paste("MR",1:nfactors,sep='') } else {colnames(loadings) <- paste("PA",1:nfactors,sep='')} rownames(loadings) <- rownames(r) loadings[loadings==0.0] <- 10^-15 #added to stop a problem with varimax if loadings are exactly 0 model <- loadings %*% t(loadings) #f.loadings <- loadings #used to pass them to factor.stats Phi <- NULL if(rotate != "none") {if (nfactors > 1) { if (rotate=="varimax" | rotate=="quartimax") { rotated <- do.call(rotate,list(loadings)) loadings <- rotated$loadings Phi <- NULL} else { if ((rotate=="promax")|(rotate=="Promax")) {pro <- Promax(loadings) loadings <- pro$loadings Phi <- pro$Phi} else { if (rotate == "cluster") {loadings <- varimax(loadings)$loadings pro <- target.rot(loadings) loadings <- pro$loadings Phi <- pro$Phi} else { if (rotate =="oblimin"| rotate=="quartimin" | rotate== "simplimax") { if (!requireNamespace('GPArotation')) {warning("I am sorry, to do these rotations requires the GPArotation package to be installed") Phi <- NULL} else { ob <- do.call(rotate,list(loadings) ) loadings <- ob$loadings Phi <- ob$Phi} } }}} }} if(nfactors >1) { ev.rotated <- diag(t(loadings) %*% loadings) ev.order <- order(ev.rotated,decreasing=TRUE) loadings <- loadings[,ev.order]} rownames(loadings) <- colnames(r) if(!is.null(Phi)) {Phi <- Phi[ev.order,ev.order] } #January 20, 2009 but, then, we also need to change the order of the rotation matrix! class(loadings) <- "loadings" if(nfactors < 1) nfactors <- n result <- factor.stats(r,loadings,Phi,n.obs) #do stats as a subroutine common to several functions result$rotate <- rotate result$loadings <- loadings result$values <- eigens$values result$communality <- round(diag(model),digits) result$uniquenesses <- round(diag(r-model),digits) if(!is.null(Phi)) {result$Phi <- Phi} if(fm=="pa") result$communality.iterations <- round(unlist(comm.list),digits) if(scores) {result$scores <- factor.scores(x.matrix,loadings) } result$factors <- nfactors result$fn <- "factor.pa" result$fm <- fm result$Call <- cl class(result) <- c("psych", "fa") return(result) } #modified October 30, 2008 to sort the rotated loadings matrix by the eigen values.