Personality, Motivation, and Cognition Laboratory

SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES: To gain an increased understanding of the ways in which personality and situational determinants of motivation combine to influence motivational states, and how these motivational states in turn affect cognitive processes to determine cognitive performance.

PMC Personnel

Faculty

• William Revelle

  Graduate Students

  Iftah Yovel

  Former graduate students involved with the PMC lab

• Erin Baehr, 2001 Circadian phase-delaying effects of nocturnal exercise in older and young adults.
• Wendi Born, 2000
• Eshkol Rafaeli, 2000 Cognitive mediation and affect: Understanding affective synchrony
• Scott Acton, 1999 Interpersonal theory and circumplex structure
• Joanne Langly, 1997 Parental Loss in Childhood and Vulnerability Toward Expectation of Interpersonal Loss
• Douglas Billings, 1997 Individual Differences in Appetitive and Aversive Motivation Moderates Coping Efficacy in the Regulation of Daily Positive and Negative Affect
• Greg Rogers, 1997 Dysrhythmia and Dysphoria: A Biopsychosocial Model of Negative Mood States
• Kathy Nugent, 1996 Sustained attention deficits and their role in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
• Richard Gershon, 1996 The Effect of Individual Differences Variables on the Assessment of Ability for Computerized Adaptive Testing.
• Eva Gilboa, 1993 Duration of Emotions: Cognitive and Self-Report Measures
• Steve Sutton,1993 Personality and Appetitive Motivation: Individual Differences as the "Heart Beats to Reward"
• Peggy Weiler, 1992 Personality and Individual Differences in Sensitivity to Affectively Valenced Stimuli.
• Deb Loftus, 1991 Affect and Arousal in the study of Mood and Memory
• Angela Sabates, 1990 Test anxiety, feedback, and the speed/accuracy tradeoff
• Richard Zinbarg, 1989 Individual Differences In Instrumental Conditioning
• Mark Puchalski, 1988 Impulsivity, time of day and retention intervarl: interactive effects on cognitive performance
• Carolyn Tal, 1988 Intra- and Interhemispheric Dysfunction in Schizophrenia and the Affective Disorders.
• Joseph Tal , 1987 Personality Traits and Prediction: Utilizing Latent Trait Theory in an Attempt to Increase the Validity of Traits.
• Marjorie Leon, 1985 Anxiety and Analogical Reasoning: An Investigation of Error Types.
• James Onken Solution time measures of processing strategies and cognitive ability in the solution of geometric analogies
• Thomas Rocklin, 1981 The effects of Personality, Absolute Difficulty and Relative Difficulty on Motivation and Performance: A Test of the Dynamic Theory of Achievement Motivation
• Kristen Anderson, 1981 Impulsivity, Caffeine, and Performance: A Comparison of Explanations for the Yerkes-Dodson Effect
• Lisa Simon, 1980 Individual Differences in Diurnal Rhythms, Attention, and Memory
• Fred Kravitz, 1980 Short-Term and Attention Deficits in Chronic, Medicated Schizophrenics
• Elisha Klirs, 1980 Individual Differences in Person Perception: Passive Versus Motivated Assimilation
• Yildiz Ozyurt, 1978 Effects of Short-Term Deprivation and External Cues on Light and Heavy Smokers.
• Kirby Gilliland, 1976 The Interactive Effect of Introversion-Extraversion With Caffeine Induced Arousal On Verbal Performance
• Edward Michaels, 1976 The cumulative motivational effects of success and failure as a function of task difficulty and achievement motivation
• Julie Hanback, 1976 Hypochondriasis: An Investigation of the Role of Heightened Sensitivity and Arousal
• Robert Prentky, 1975 Effects of Introversion/Extraversion, Caffeine, and Provocation On Affective Aggressive Behavior

Recent PMC Publications

• Revelle, W & Rafaeli-Mor, E (2000) Within subject measures of affect and arousal: implications for the study of personality and cognition. Prepared as part of the symposium: Energetic Aspects of personality and cognition, E. Necka and G. Matthews, chairs. (Paper presented at the 10th Meeting of the European Association of Personality Psychology, Krakow, Poland, July, 2000.) (Abstract and Powerpoint handout)

• Baehr, E.K., Revelle, W., & Eastman, C.I. (2000). Individual differences in the phase and amplitude of the human circadian temperature rhythm: with an emphasis on morningness-eveningness. The Journal of Sleep Research, 9, 117-127

• Revelle, W.(in press) Individual Differences. An entry for the Encylopedia of Psychology (A. Kazdin, editor).

• Dawood, K., Pillard, R. C., Horvath, C., Revelle, W., & Bailey, J. M. (2000). Familial aspects of male homosexuality. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 29, 155-163.

• Rafaeli-Mor, E.; Gotlib, I.A.; Revelle, W. (1999). The meaning and measurement of self complexity. Personality and Individual Differences. 27 341-356. (Abstract)

• Gilboa-Schechtman, E.; Revelle, W.; Gotlib, I. A. (in press) Stroop Interference Following Mood Induction: Emotionality, Mood Congruence, and Concern Relevance. Cognitive Therapy Research.

• Rogers, G. and Revelle, W. (1998) Personality, mood, and the evaluation of affective and neutral word pairs. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1592-1605. Abstract.

• Revelle, W. (1997) Extraversion and Impulsivity. In Nyborg, H. (Ed.) The scientific study of human nature: Tribute to Hans J. Eysenck at eighty Elsevier Science Press.

• Revelle, W. (1995). Personality Processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 46, 295-328.

• Anderson, K. J. (1994). Impulsivity, caffeine, and task difficulty: A within-subjects test of the Yerkes-Dodson law. Personality and Individual Differences, 16 , 813-830.

• Anderson, K. J. & Revelle, W. (1994) Impulsivity and time of day: is impulsivity related to the decay of arousal? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology., 67,334-344. Abstract

• Gilboa, E., & Revelle, W. (1994). Personality and the structure of emotional responses. In S. Van Goozen, N. E. Van de Poll, & J. A. Sargent (Eds.), Emotions: Essays on current issues in the field of emotion theory (pp. 135-159). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

• Revelle, W. (1993). Individual differences in personality and motivation: Non-cognitive determinants of cognitive performance. In A. Baddeley & L. Weiskrantz (Eds.),Attention: Selection, awareness and control: A tribute to Donald Broadbent (pp. 346-373). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

• Revelle, W., & Loftus, D. (1992). The implications of arousal effects for the study of affect and memory. In S. A. Christianson (Ed.), Handbook of emotion and memory (pp. 113-150). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlebaum.

• Revelle, W. and Anderson, K.J. (1992) Models for the testing of theory. In A. Gale and M.W. Eysenck (Eds.) Handbook of Individual Differences: Biological Perspectives. Wiley: Chichester, England.

• Revelle, W. & Loftus, D. (1990) Individual differences and arousal: implications for the study of mood and memory. Cognition and Emotion, 4, 209-237.

  Anderson, K. J., Revelle, W., & Lynch, M. J. (1990) Caffeine, impulsivity, and memory scanning: a comparison of two explanations for the Yerkes-Dodson effect. Motivation and Emotion. 13, 1-20.

The Personality Project

Computer Programs developed at the lab

These programs are available as stand alone application programs for Macintosh computers. Source code in Lightspeed Pascal is also available. Publications that describe the algorithms or applications of these programs are listed.

ALPHA-VSS-ICLUST

ALPHA-VSS-ICLUST is a general purpose program for scale construction, hierarchical cluster analysis, and applying the Very Simple criterion. Some simple data manipulation options are also available. Hierarchical clustering is done using the alpha and beta criteria of cluster goodness. (Beta is an estimate of the worst split half reliability of a cluster and thus is an estimate of the general factor saturation of a test).

PMC-RT

PMC-RT is a set of simple and choice reaction time procedures allowing for the measurement of rt as well as the assessment of changes in rt over time.

PMC-ANALOGIES

True false or multiple choice geometric analogies that vary in the number of elements and transformations applied per element. Accuracy and rt measures are taken. Elements may vary from 1-4 and transformations from 0-4.

Working-Memory .

Working memory for 2-10 digits following the true false verification of arithmetic problems. Speed and accuracy of the digit verification are reported, as are strict and lax memory scores.

PMC_units

A set of Pascal units that have been developed to allow for standardized programing of psychology experiments and data analysis.

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